MySQL学习笔记其他扩展：ProxySQL(重要)/Maxscale/Mycat/DBLE
Atlas介绍
Atlas是由奇虎360, Web平台部基础架构团队开发维护的一个基于MySQL协议的数据中间层项目。 它是在mysql-proxy 0.8.2版本的基础上，对其进行了优化，增加了一些新的功能特性。适合读多写少。 360内部使用Atlas运行的mysql业务，每天承载的读写请求数达几十亿条。 下载地址 https://github.com/Qihoo360/Atlas/releases 注意： 1、Atlas只能安装运行在64位的系统上 2、Centos 5.X安装 Atlas-XX.el5.x86_64.rpm，Centos 6.X安装Atlas-XX.el6.x86_64.rpm。 3、后端mysql版本应大于5.1，建议使用Mysql 5.6以上
安装配置
[root@db03 ~]# rpm -ivh Atlas-2.2.1.el6.x86_64.rpm [root@db03 ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf [root@db03 conf]# vi test.cnf [mysql-proxy] admin-username = user admin-password = pwd proxy-backend-addresses = 10.0.0.205:3306 proxy-read-only-backend-addresses = 10.0.0.201:3306,10.0.0.203:3306 pwds = repl:3yb5jEku5h4=,mha:O2jBXONX098= daemon = true keepalive = true event-threads = 8 log-level = message log-path = /usr/local/mysql-proxy/log sql-log=ON proxy-address = 0.0.0.0:33060 ###对外提供服务端口 admin-address = 0.0.0.0:2345 ###管理端口 charset=utf8 启动atlas [root@db03 conf]# /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxyd test start OK: MySQL-Proxy of test is started [root@db03 conf]#ps -ef |grep proxy [root@db03 conf]# netstat -lnp|grep 33060 tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:33060 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 17842/mysql-proxy [root@db03 conf]# netstat -lnp|grep 2345 tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:2345 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 17842/mysql-proxy
Atlas功能测试
[root@db03 conf]# mysql -umha -pmha -h 10.0.0.203 -P 33060 测试读操作： mysql -umha -pmha -h 10.0.0.203 -P 33060 db03 [(none)]>select @@server_id; db03 [(none)]>select @@server_id; +-------------+ | @@server_id | +-------------+ | 201 | +-------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) db03 [(none)]>select @@server_id; +-------------+ | @@server_id | +-------------+ | 203 | +-------------+ 10.0.0.201和10.0.0.203轮询显示 测试写操作： mysql> begin;select @@server_id;commit;
生产用户要求
开发人员申请一个应用用户 app( select update insert) 密码123456,要通过10网段登录 1. 在主库中,创建用户 db01 [(none)]>grant select ,update,insert on *.* to app@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123456'; 2. 在atlas中添加生产用户 [root@db03 conf]# /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/encrypt 123456 /iZxz+0GRoA= ---->制作加密密码 [root@db03 conf]# vim test.cnf [mysql-proxy] repl:3yb5jEku5h4=,mha:O2jBXONX098=,app:/iZxz+0GRoA= [root@db01 ~]# mysql -uapp -p123456 -h 10.0.0.203 -P 33060
Atlas基本管理
连接管理接口 db03 [(none)]>mysql -uuser -ppwd -h127.0.0.1 -P2345 获取Atlas帮助 db03 [(none)]>select * from help; +----------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+ | command | description | +----------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+ | SELECT * FROM help | shows this help | | SELECT * FROM backends | lists the backends and their state | | SET OFFLINE $backend_id | offline backend server, $backend_id is backend_ndx's id | | SET ONLINE $backend_id | online backend server, ... | | ADD MASTER $backend | example: "add master 127.0.0.1:3306", ... | | ADD SLAVE $backend | example: "add slave 127.0.0.1:3306", ... | | REMOVE BACKEND $backend_id | example: "remove backend 1", ... | | SELECT * FROM clients | lists the clients | | ADD CLIENT $client | example: "add client 192.168.1.2", ... | | REMOVE CLIENT $client | example: "remove client 192.168.1.2", ... | | SELECT * FROM pwds | lists the pwds | | ADD PWD $pwd | example: "add pwd user:raw_password", ... | | ADD ENPWD $pwd | example: "add enpwd user:encrypted_password", ... | | REMOVE PWD $pwd | example: "remove pwd user", ... | | SAVE CONFIG | save the backends to config file | | SELECT VERSION | display the version of Atlas | +----------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+ 查询后端所有节点信息 db03 [(none)]> SELECT * FROM backends; +-------------+-----------------+-------+------+ | backend_ndx | address | state | type | +-------------+-----------------+-------+------+ | 1 | 10.0.0.205:3306 | up | rw | | 2 | 10.0.0.201:3306 | up | ro | | 3 | 10.0.0.203:3306 | up | ro | +-------------+-----------------+-------+------+ 动态添加删除节点 REMOVE BACKEND 3; 动态添加节点 ADD SLAVE 10.0.0.53:3306; 保存配置到配置文件 SAVE CONFIG;
自动分表
使用Atlas的分表功能时，首先需要在配置文件test.cnf设置tables参数。 tables参数设置格式：数据库名.表名.分表字段.子表数量， 比如： 你的数据库名叫school，表名叫stu，分表字段叫id，总共分为2张表，那么就写为school.stu.id.2，如果还有其他的分表，以逗号分隔即可。
关于读写分离建议
MySQL-Router ---> MySQL官方 ProxySQL --->Percona Maxscale ---> MariaDB